RESUMEN:
La articulación temporomandibular (ATM) es una articulación sinovial móvil que articula el hueso temporal, particularmente el tubérculo articular y la fosa glenoidea, con el cóndilo del hueso mandibular. En su interior existe un disco articular que divide la cavidad en dos compartimentos, los cuales actúan como una unidad funcional. Para evaluar correctamente el estado de la ATM es necesario conocer su anatomía normal y funcionamiento. Además, se debe estar familiarizado con los hallazgos imagenológicos presentes en la resonancia magnética (RM), los cuales deben ser correlacionados con el examen físico y la clínica, para así llegar a un diagnóstico certero. Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) son un conjunto heterogéneo de patologías que involucran al complejo de la ATM y las estructuras óseas y musculares adyacentes. La RM se considera la técnica imagenológica de preferencia para evaluar los TTM. Esta proporciona información sobre las características anatómicas y funcionales, además de caracterizar adecuadamente los diferentes procesos patológicos y la respuesta al tratamiento. Palabras clave: Articulación temporomandibular. Trastornos temporomandibulares. Resonancia magnética.

Abstract:
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a mobile synovial joint that articulates the temporal bone, particularly the articular tubercle and the glenoid fossa, with the condyle of the mandibular bone. Inside it, there is an articular disc that divides the cavity into two compartments, which act as a functional unit. To properly assess the condition of the TMJ, it is necessary to understand its normal anatomy and functioning. Additionally, one must be familiar with the imaging findings present in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which must be correlated with the physical examination and clinical symptoms, in order to reach an accurate diagnosis. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous set of pathologies that involve the TMJ complex and adjacent bone and muscle structures. MRI is considered the gold standard imaging technique for evaluating TMD. It provides information about anatomical and functional characteristics, as well as adequately characterizing various pathological processes and the response to treatment. Keywords: Temporomandibular joint. Temporomandibular joint disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract:
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a mobile synovial joint that articulates the temporal bone, particularly the articular tubercle and the glenoid fossa, with the condyle of the mandibular bone. Inside it, there is an articular disc that divides the cavity into two compartments, which act as a functional unit. To properly assess the condition of the TMJ, it is necessary to understand its normal anatomy and functioning. Additionally, one must be familiar with the imaging findings present in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which must be correlated with the physical examination and clinical symptoms, in order to reach an accurate diagnosis. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a heterogeneous set of pathologies that involve the TMJ complex and adjacent bone and muscle structures. MRI is considered the gold standard imaging technique for evaluating TMD. It provides information about anatomical and functional characteristics, as well as adequately characterizing various pathological processes and the response to treatment. Keywords: Temporomandibular joint. Temporomandibular joint disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging.